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2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 62(6): 553-560, Sept. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829492

ABSTRACT

Summary Objective: To characterize the motor performance of newborns in a neonatal unit of tertiary level and compare the results to the values recommended by the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP). Method: Newborns between 34 and 416/7 weeks of corrected gestational age, breathing spontaneously and presenting state of consciousness 4 or 5, according to Brazelton, were included. TIMP was used to evaluate the motor performance. Results: The age groups of 34-35 and 36-37 weeks showed on average TIMP scores similar to the reference values (p>0.05), while in the age groups of 38-39 weeks and 40-41 weeks TIMP scores were statistically lower than the reference values (p<0.001 and p=0.018, respectively). The 34-35 and 36-37 week groups were rated as average, while the 38-39 and 40-41 week groups were defined as low average. Classifications below average and very below average were not observed. Conclusion: The newborns showed average scores compared to the TIMP reference values; however, there were two groups whose performances were within the low average. There was no significant difference in motor performance of newborns in the age groups of 38-39 and 40-41 weeks. This behavior suggests that the sample studied has special features that possibly negatively influenced their motor performance. The results showed that the TIMP is a very useful tool and can be used safely in tertiary neonatal units.


Resumo Objetivo: caracterizar o desempenho motor de recém-nascidos em unidade neonatal de nível terciário e comparar os resultados com os valores normativos preconizados pelo Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP). Método: foram incluídos recém-nascidos entre 34 e 416/7 semanas de idade gestacional corrigida, em respiração espontânea e estado de consciência 4 ou 5, segundo Brazelton. Para avaliar o desempenho motor, foi utilizado o TIMP. Resultados: os grupos etários de 34-35 e 36-37 semanas apresentaram em média escore TIMP semelhante aos valores de referência; já nos grupos etários 38-39 semanas e 40-41 semanas, os escores TIMP foram estatisticamente menores que os valores de referência (p<0,001 e p=0,018, respectivamente). Os grupos de 34-35 e 36-37 semanas foram classificados como dentro da média, enquanto os grupos 38-39 e 40-41 semanas como média baixa. As classificações abaixo da média e muito abaixo da média não foram observadas. Conclusão: os recém-nascidos apresentaram escores dentro da média quando comparados aos valores de referência do TIMP; porém, houve dois grupos cujo desempenho se situou na classificação média baixa. Houve diferença significativa no desempenho motor dos recém-nascidos nos grupos etários de 38-39 e 40-41 semanas. Esse comportamento sugere que a casuística estudada apresenta particularidades que, possivelmente, influenciaram de modo negativo o desempenho motor. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o TIMP é instrumento de grande utilidade e pode ser usado com segurança em unidade neonatal terciária.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Child Development/physiology , Term Birth/physiology , Motor Skills/physiology , Reference Values , Infant, Premature/physiology , Prospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers
3.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 28(3): 341-347, jul.-set. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-796163

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as repercussões da hiperinsuflação manual, realizada com ressuscitador manual com e sem válvula de pressão positiva expiratória final, sobre a função respiratória de recém-nascidos pré-termo em ventilação mecânica. Métodos: Estudo transversal com recém-nascidos pré-termo com idade gestacional inferior a 32 semanas, em ventilação mecânica e dependentes desta aos 28 dias de vida, estáveis hemodinamicamente. A hiperinsuflação manual foi aplicada de forma randomizada, alternando o uso ou não uso da válvula de pressão positiva expiratória final, seguida de aspiração intratraqueal finalizando a manobra. Para os dados nominais, foi aplicado o teste de Wilcoxon com hipótese bilateral ao nível de significância de 5% e poder de teste de 80%. Resultados: Foram estudados 28 recém-nascidos pré-termo com peso médio de nascimento 1.005,71 ± 372.16g, idade gestacional média 28,90 ± 1,79 semanas, idade corrigida média de 33,26 ± 1,78 semanas, tempo médio de ventilação mecânica de 29,5 (15 - 53) dias. Ocorreu aumento dos volumes inspiratório e expiratório entre os momentos A5 (antes da manobra) e C1 (imediatamente após aspiração intratraqueal) tanto na manobra com válvula (p = 0,001 e p = 0,009) como sem válvula (p = 0,026 e p = 0,001), respectivamente. Também houve aumento da resistência expiratória entre os momentos A5 e C1 com p = 0,044. Conclusão: Os volumes pulmonares aumentaram na manobra com e sem válvula, havendo diferença significativa no primeiro minuto após a aspiração. Houve diferença significativa na resistência expiratória entre os momentos A5 (antes da manobra) e C1 (imediatamente após aspiração intratraqueal) no primeiro minuto após a aspiração dentro de cada manobra.


ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effects of manual hyperinflation, performed with a manual resuscitator with and without the positive end-expiratory pressure valve, on the respiratory function of preterm newborns under mechanical ventilation. Methods: Cross-sectional study of hemodynamically stable preterm newborns with gestational age of less than 32 weeks, under mechanical ventilation and dependent on it at 28 days of life. Manual hyperinflation was applied randomly, alternating the use or not of the positive end-expiratory pressure valve, followed by tracheal aspiration for ending the maneuver. For nominal data, the two-tailed Wilcoxon test was applied at the 5% significance level and 80% power. Results: Twenty-eight preterm newborns, with an average birth weight of 1,005.71 ± 372.16g, an average gestational age of 28.90 ± 1.79 weeks, an average corrected age of 33.26 ± 1.78 weeks, and an average mechanical ventilation time of 29.5 (15 - 53) days, were studied. Increases in inspiratory and expiratory volumes occurred between time-points A5 (before the maneuver) and C1 (immediately after tracheal aspiration) in both the maneuver with the valve (p = 0.001 and p = 0.009) and without the valve (p = 0.026 and p = 0.001), respectively. There was also an increase in expiratory resistance between time-points A5 and C1 (p = 0.044). Conclusion: Lung volumes increased when performing the maneuver with and without the valve, with a significant difference in the first minute after aspiration. There was a significant difference in expiratory resistance between the time-points A5 (before the maneuver) and C1 (immediately after tracheal aspiration) in the first minute after aspiration within each maneuver.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Therapy/methods , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Lung/metabolism , Time Factors , Infant, Premature , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Lung Volume Measurements
4.
Clinics ; 71(1): 22-27, Jan. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-771949

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate exercise tolerance and the reproducibility of the six-minute walk test in Brazilian children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease and to compare their functional exercise capacities with reference values for healthy children. METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed the use of the six-minute walk test in children and adolescents aged 6-16 with stage V chronic kidney disease. For statistical analysis of exercise tolerance, including examinations of correlations and comparisons with reference values, the longest walked distances were considered. The reproducibility of the six-minute walk test was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients (14 females and 24 males) were evaluated, including 5 on peritoneal dialysis, 12 on hemodialysis and 21 who had undergone renal transplantation, with a median age of 11.2 years (6.5-16). The median walked distance was 538.5 meters (413-685) and the six-minute walk test was found to be reproducible. The walked distance was significantly correlated with age (r=0.66), weight (r=0.76), height (r=0.82), the height Z score (r=0.41), hemoglobin (r=0.46), hematocrit (r=0.47) and post-test systolic blood pressure (r=0.39). The chronic kidney disease patients predicted walked distance was 84.1% of the reference value according to age, 90.6% according to age-corrected height and 87.4% according to a predictive equation. CONCLUSIONS: The stage V chronic kidney disease patients had a significantly decreased functional exercise capacity, as measured by the six-minute walk test, compared with the healthy pediatric reference values. In addition, the six-minute walk test was shown to be well tolerated, reliable and applicable as a low-cost tool to monitor functional exercise capacity in patients with renal disease.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Exercise Test , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , Walking/physiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dyspnea/physiopathology , Healthy Volunteers/statistics & numerical data , Predictive Value of Tests , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors
5.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 26(3): 317-320, Jul-Sep/2014. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-723279

ABSTRACT

A formação de atelectasias é um dos distúrbios pulmonares responsável pelo maior tempo de internação dos recém-nascidos nas unidades de terapias intensivas e pelo consequente aumento da morbidade. O cateter nasal de alto fluxo tem sido utilizado na faixa etária neonatal, para evitar e/ou expandir áreas pulmonares atelectasiadas, mesmo que até o momento não existam estudos baseados em evidência. Relatamos os casos de dois pacientes do sexo masculino internados por doença neurocirúrgica e abdominal submetidos à ventilação pulmonar mecânica invasiva por 4 e 36 dias, respectivamente. Após a extubação, foram mantidos em oxigenioterapia, quando, então, ambos apresentaram piora clínica e radiológica compatível com atelectasia. Após 24 horas de instalado o cateter nasal de alto fluxo como suporte não invasivo, novos exames radiológicos mostraram a reversão completa da atelectasia. O uso do cateter de alto fluxo mostrou-se eficaz na reversão de atelectasias, podendo ser utilizada como mais uma das terapias ventilatórias não invasivas, evitando, assim, nova intubação.


Atelectasis is a pulmonary disorder that lengthens the hospitalization time of newborns in intensive care units, resulting in increased morbidity among these infants. High-flow nasal cannulae have been used in newborns to prevent atelectasis and/or expand pulmonary regions affected by atelectasis; however, to date, no evidence-based data regarding this approach have been reported. In this paper, we report on the cases of two male newborn patients. The first and second patients described in this report were hospitalized for a neurosurgical procedure and the treatment of abdominal disease, respectively, and were subjected to invasive mechanical ventilation for 4 and 36 days, respectively. After extubation, these patients continued receiving oxygen therapy but experienced clinical and radiological worsening typical of atelectasis. In both cases, by 24 hours after the implantation of an high-flow nasal cannulae to provide noninvasive support, radiological examinations revealed the complete resolution of atelectasis. In these cases, the use of an high-flow nasal cannulae was effective in reversing atelectasis. Thus, this approach may be utilized as a supplemental noninvasive ventilatory therapy to avoid unnecessary intubation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Airway Extubation/methods , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Pulmonary Atelectasis/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Intensive Care Units , Pulmonary Atelectasis/etiology
6.
J. bras. pneumol ; 40(2): 119-127, Mar-Apr/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709762

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the pathogens found in home nebulizers and in respiratory samples of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and to evaluate the effect that a standardized instruction regarding cleaning and disinfection of nebulizers has on the frequency of nebulizer contamination. METHODS: We included 40 CF patients (22 males), all of whom used the same model of nebulizer. The median patient age was 11.2 ± 3.74 years. We collected samples from the nebulizer mouthpiece and cup, using a sterile swab moistened with sterile saline. Respiratory samples were collected by asking patients to expectorate into a sterile container or with oropharyngeal swabs after cough stimulation. Cultures were performed on selective media, and bacteria were identified by classical biochemical tests. Patients received oral and written instructions regarding the cleaning and disinfection of nebulizers. All determinations were repeated an average of two months later. RESULTS: Contamination of the nebulizer (any part) was detected in 23 cases (57.5%). The nebulizer mouthpiece and cup were found to be contaminated in 16 (40.0%) and 19 (47.5%), respectively. After the standardized instruction had been given, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of contaminated nebulizers (43.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In our sample of CF patients, nebulizer contamination was common, indicating the need for improvement in patient practices regarding the cleaning and disinfection of their nebulizers. A one-time educational intervention could have a significant positive impact. .


OBJETIVO: Descrever os patógenos encontrados nos nebulizadores de uso domiciliar e nas amostras de trato respiratório de pacientes com fibrose cística (FC) e verificar o efeito de uma instrução padronizada de higiene e desinfecção de nebulizadores na contaminação dos mesmos. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 40 pacientes com FC (22 do sexo masculino) que utilizavam um mesmo modelo de nebulizador. A mediana de idade foi de 11,2 ± 3,74 anos. Amostras dos nebulizadores foram coletadas do bocal e do copo reservatório utilizando-se um swab estéril umedecido em solução salina estéril. As amostras de trato respiratório dos pacientes foram colhidas por expectoração em coletor estéril ou com swab de orofaringe após estímulo de tosse. As culturas foram realizadas em meios seletivos, e a identificação bacteriana foi feita através de provas bioquímicas clássicas. Instruções verbais e escritas sobre higiene e desinfecção dos nebulizadores foram ministradas. Todas as determinações foram repetidas dois meses após, em média. RESULTADOS: A contaminação de alguma parte dos nebulizadores foi observada em 23 casos (57,5%). A contaminação do bocal e do copo foi similar, em 16 (40.0%) e 19 casos (47.5%), respectivamente. Houve uma redução significativa da proporção de nebulizadores contaminados (43,5%) após a instrução padronizada. CONCLUSÕES: Nesta amostra de pacientes com FC, a contaminação dos nebulizadores foi alta, o que indica a necessidade de melhoria nas práticas de higiene e desinfecção dos nebulizadores de pacientes com FC. Uma única intervenção educacional pode ter um impacto positivo significativo. .


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology , Disinfection , Equipment Contamination , Masks/microbiology , Nebulizers and Vaporizers/microbiology , Caregivers , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sputum/microbiology
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